WaSt-3D: Wasserstein-2 Distance for Scene-to-Scene Stylization on 3D Gaussians

Dima Kotovenko1, Olga Grebenkova1, Nikolaos Sarafianos2, Avinash Paliwal3, Pingchuan Ma1, Omid Poursaeed2, Sreyas Mohan2, Yuchen Fan2, Yilei Li2, Rakesh Ranjan2, Björn Ommer1

1CompVis @ LMU Munich, MCML
2Meta Reality Labs
3Texas A&M University
Teaser image demonstrating DpethFM depth estimation.

Abstract

While style transfer techniques have been well-developed for 2D image stylization, the extension of these methods to 3D scenes remains relatively unexplored. Existing approaches demonstrate proficiency in transferring colors and textures but often struggle with replicating the geometry of the scenes. In our work, we leverage an explicit Gaussian Splatting (GS) representation and directly match the distributions of Gaussians between style and content scenes using the Earth Mover's Distance (EMD). By employing the entropy-regularized Wasserstein-2 distance, we ensure that the transformation maintains spatial smoothness. Additionally, we decompose the scene stylization problem into smaller chunks to enhance efficiency. This paradigm shift reframes stylization from a pure generative process driven by latent space losses to an explicit matching of distributions between two Gaussian representations. Our method achieves high-resolution 3D stylization by faithfully transferring details from 3D style scenes onto the content scene. Furthermore, WaSt-3D consistently delivers results across diverse content and style scenes without necessitating any training, as it relies solely on optimization-based techniques.

Citation


      @misc{kotovenko2024wast3dwasserstein2distancescenetoscene,
      title={WaSt-3D: Wasserstein-2 Distance for Scene-to-Scene Stylization on 3D Gaussians}, 
      author={Dmytro Kotovenko and Olga Grebenkova and Nikolaos Sarafianos and Avinash Paliwal and Pingchuan Ma and Omid Poursaeed and Sreyas Mohan and Yuchen Fan and Yilei Li and Rakesh Ranjan and Björn Ommer},
      year={2024},
      eprint={2409.17917},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CV},
      url={https://arxiv.org/abs/2409.17917}, 
      }